Cornea & Keratoconus
Cornea &
Keratoconus
Nandadeep Eye Hospital has an extensive cornea clinic & surgical unit. State of the art diagnostic & therapeutic equipment & super-specialist corneal surgeons are the major qualities in solving challenging cases successfully.
Nandadeep cornea clinic is famous for the treatment of Keratoconus, Corneal ulcers, Pterygium, Severe Dry eye, Steven Johnson Syndrome, and Chemical injury.
What would happen if the cornea is damaged?
The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye. A clear cornea is essential for vision. The cornea is your eye’s clear, protective outer layer. … If your cornea is damaged by disease, infection, or an injury, the resulting scars can affect your vision. They might block or distort light as it enters your eye.
The clinic evaluates and treats patients with corneal and external eye diseases including:
- Red eyes
- Eye infection
- Conjuctivitis
- Pink eye
- Stye
- Genetic cornea diseases
- Itchy eyes - Allergic conjunctivitis
- Dry eye
- Corneal Transplant
- Chemical burn
- Ocular pemphigoid
- Stevens Johnson syndrome
- Symblepharon management
- Exposure keratitis
- Neurotrophic keratopathy
- Persistent epithelial defect
- Severe dry eye
- Sjogren’s syndrome
- filamentary keratitis
- limbal stem cell deficiency
- Ocular Surface Diseases
- Corneal tear
- Scleral tear
- Corneal ulcers
- Scleritis
- Peripheral ulcerative keratitis
Ocular surface disorders
Keratoconus
Keratoconus is an disease that affects usually bilaterally the cornea and results in progressive thinning of the cornea. This may bring about dimness of vision, diplopia, myopia, irregular astigmatism, and light sensitivity. In progressively serious cases a scarring or a circle might be seen inside the cornea. While the reason is obscure, it is accepted to happen because of a mix of hereditary, ecological, and hormonal components. Around seven percent of those influenced have a family ancestry of the condition. Proposed ecological elements like rubbing the eyes and ocular allergies. The basic component includes changes of the cornea to a cone shape which is evaluated by a slit lamp biomicroscope. Early detection and management can prevent extensive progression. Nandadeep Eye Hospital has an exclusive Keratoconus Clinic comprising modern instruments such as Pentacam, Specular Microscope, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography, etc for detection of early Keratoconus to stop the progression with the help of early management. Keratoconus affects around 1 out of 2000 individuals. It happens mostly in late childhood to early adulthood.
How is Cornea Diagnosed?
The department caters to the efficient diagnosis and management of a wide range of diseases:
- Congential and hereditary corneal disorders
- Corneal and scleral infections
- Ectatic corneal disorders – Keratoconus, Terriens marginal degeneration, Pellucid Marginal
- degeneration
- Immunologic disorders of cornea
- Peripheral ulcerative keratitis
- Ocular surface disorders including severe dry eye, blepharitis, ocular allergies, chemical
- injuries, Stevens Johnson syndrome and ocular surface tumors
What are the various divisions or departments of the Eye Bank?
The Eye Bank is divided into various departments for administrative ease and for ensuring its smooth and proper functioning. The various departments include:
Technical Department:
Its responsibilities include the following functions:
- Tissue Recovery, cornea retrieval
- Processing and distribution
- Preparing tissue for various corneal transplant procedures
- Grading of corneal tissue
- Storage of tissues including cornea, sclera, and limbus
- Distribution of corneas and other tissues to hospitals, clinics and institutions performing corneal transplants, and other surgeries that require donated tissue
- Promotion of research in Eye Banking and transplantation
- Providing space, technology, and tissue for research purposes
Donor Development:
Its responsibilities include the following functions:
- Promotion of awareness about Eye Bank, organ donation through community outreach including television and radio advertisements, hoardings and billboards and public awareness lectures
- Strengthen relationships with the community, hospitals, hospices, and other non-governmental organizations working towards the promotion of eye donation.
- Provide support and grief counselling to donor families during and also after the cornea retrieval.
Quality Control:
Its responsibilities include the following functions:
- Ensures that proper standards are met during all processes of tissue handling including cornea retrieval, grading, processing and distribution
- Strict adherence to quality standards prescribed by the EBAI, and to ensure cooperation with EBAI during compliance checks
Investigations and Diagnostic Services
- Pachymetry : Measurement of corneal thickness using ultrasound
- Aberrometry :Measures the optical aberrations of the eye
- Meibography :Dry eye work up
- Specular Microscopy :Study of the corneal endothelium (cells that maintain corneal clarity)
- Anterior – Segment OCT : Optovue helps to identify the depth of corneal scarring/lesions on the cornea, corneal thickness, anterior chamber details and any foreign body in cornea can be investigated.
- Anterior segment digital photography: Photographic documentation of various corneal conditions for baseline documentation, and monitoring effects of therapy as well as to monitor progression of the disease in any ectatic disorder.
Eye Bank :
There are currently an estimated 15 million blind people in India. 6.8 million of these suffer from corneal blindness with vision less than 6/60 in at least one eye, and of these, about 1 million have bilateral corneal blindness. To effectively meet the ever growing demand, we need around 150,000 corneal transplants to be performed every year.
What is the function of an Eye Bank?
- Harvesting of eyes/ corneas that is, a collection of donor’s eyes, as well as retrieval of corneas.
- Grading of tissue, and its evaluation including serology and microbiology.
- Processing of eyeballs for appropriate storage and use.
- Distribution of Corneal tissues to qualified corneal transplant surgeons to ensure maximum utilization of donated corneas.
- Storage and distribution of other parts of the eye for therapeutic and research use: For example, limbus and sclera, in addition to the cornea.
- Training of Eye Bank technicians, grief counsellors& even corneal surgeons in latest techniques of corneal retrieval, preservation, and utilization.
- Promote public relation activities and raise awareness about eye donation and its activities.
- Provide eye tissues for training & research as well as for transplants and other surgeries.
Frequently Asked Questions
The recovery occurs within hours of the death of the donor. The entire eye, called the globe, may be surgically removed (enucleated), or only the cornea may be excised in-situ and placed in storage media.
Practically anybody from the age of 1 year. There is no upper age limit. People who wear spectacles, who have undergone cataract surgery, diabetics, and those who have hypertension can donate their eyes. People blind from retinal or optic nerve disease can also donate their eyes. The ultimate decision about usage for transplantation will be made after evaluation.
Yes
Motivate the next of kin of the deceased person to donate their eyes. Eyes need to be collected within 6 hours of death so call your nearest eye bank at the earliest. You are authorized to donate the eyes of your beloved relatives at the time of their death, even if a pledge for donation has not been made earlier by the deceased.
- Keep the eyes of the deceased closed and cover it with moist cotton.
- Switch off the overhead fan.
- Raise the head end of the body by about 6 inches, if possible – to decrease the incidence of bleeding during the removal of the eyes.
- If possible, instill antibiotic eye drops periodically.
A call for donating eyes sets in motion the Eye Bank machinery and a team is dispatched within 15 minutes. At the site, the eyes of the deceased are enucleated without causing any disfigurement. This procedure takes about 10-15 minutes.
- Death from unknown cause.
- Death due to infectious caused viz. Rabies, syphilis, infectious hepatitis, septicemia, AIDS, corona.
- Any frank ocular infection, previous refractive surgery.
- Cancer in any part of the body.
No. Only the cornea and sclera can be transplanted. However, the entire eyeball is enucleated, to enable the corneo-scleral disc to be fashioned surgically in a sterile environment.
No. The gift of sight is made anonymously.
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